孙宏斌;黄天恩;郭庆来;张伯明;郭文鑫;刘文涛;徐泰山;许涛;

• 1:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系
• 2:电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学)
• 3:广东电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心
• 4:南瑞集团(国网电力科学研究院)有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

随着电网运行方式时变性和复杂性日益增强,传统基于人工离线规则的调度决策机制难以为继,成为国内外复杂电网运行迫切需要解决的问题。基于人工智能、立足现有调度机制,研究面向调度决策的智能机器调度员(automatic operator,AO)关键技术及应用。在总结10余年研究的基础上,提出了电网调度运行"邻域知识"模型,构建了AO体系架构,提出了知识自动发现、管理和在线应用的技术路线,研发了复杂电网AO系统,并在多个省级电网调控中心在线投运。AO将"专家智能"离线制定粗放运行规则的模式,变革为"人工智能"在线发现精细运行规则的模式,推动调度决策从"自动化"到"智能化"的跨越。最后,指出了尚待研究的问题。

关键词(KeyWords)： 调度决策;人工智能;智能机器调度员(AO);知识发现;知识管理和应用

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB0904500);; 国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51621065)~~

作者(Author): 孙宏斌;黄天恩;郭庆来;张伯明;郭文鑫;刘文涛;徐泰山;许涛;

Email:

DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1937

参考文献(References)：

• [1]孙宏斌，胡江溢，刘映尚，等．调度控制中心功能的发展——电网实时安全预警系统[J]．电力系统自动化，2004,28(15):1-6.Sun Hongbin,Hu Jiangyi,Liu Yingshang,et al.Development of the power dispatching control center-real time power security early warning system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(15):1-6(in Chinese).
• [2]严剑峰，于之虹，田芳，等．电力系统在线动态安全评估和预警系统[J]．中国电机工程学报，2008,28(34):87-93.Yan Jianfeng,Yu Zhihong,Tian Fang,et al.Dynamic security assessment and early warning system of power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(34):87-93(in Chinese).
• [3]蔡斌，吴素农，王诗明，等．电网在线安全稳定分析和预警系统[J]．电网技术，2007,31(2):36-41.Cai Bin,Wu Sunong,Wang Shiming,et al.Power grid on-line security and stability analysis and forewarning system[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(2):36-41(in Chinese).
• [4]周二专，冯东豪，武志刚．内存计算技术及在电网分析中的应用[J]．电力系统自动化，2017,41(11):1-7.Zhou Erzhuan,Feng Donghao,Wu Zhigang.In-memory computing and its application to power system analysis[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(11):1-7(in Chinese).
• [5]张宇航，邱才明，杨帆，等．深度学习在电网图像数据及时空数据中的应用综述[J]．电网技术，2019,43(6):1865-1873.Zhang Yuhang,Qiu Caiming,Yang Fan,et al.Overview of application of deep learning with image data and spatio-temporal data of power grid[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(6):1865-1873(in Chinese).
• [6]张宇帆，艾芊，林琳，等．基于深度长短时记忆网络的区域级超短期负荷预测方法[J]．电网技术，2019,43(6):1884-1891.Zhang Yufan,Ai Qian,Lin Lin,et al.A very short-term load forecasting method based on deep LSTM RNN at zone level[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(6):1884-1891(in Chinese).
• [7]朱利鹏，陆超，黄河，等．基于时序轨迹特征学习的暂态电压稳定评估[J]．电网技术，2019,43(6):1922-1930.Zhu Lipeng,Lu Chao,Huang He,et al.Transient voltage stability assessment based on sequential trajectory feature learning[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(6):1922-1930(in Chinese).
• [8]张自东，邱才明，张东霞，等．基于深度强化学习的微电网复合储能协调控制方法[J]．电网技术，2019,43(6):1914-1921.Zhang Zidong,Qiu Caiming,Zhang Dongxia,et al.A coordinated control method for hybrid energy storage system in microgrid based on deep reinforcement learning[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(6):1914-1921(in Chinese).
• [9]邵美阳，吴俊勇，石琛，等．基于数据驱动和深度置信网络的配电网无功优化[J]．电网技术，2019,43(6):1874-1883.Shao Meiyang,Wu Junyong,Shi Chen,et al.Reactive power optimization of distribution network based on data driven and deep belief network[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(6):1874-1883(in Chinese).
• [10] Dy-liacco T.Enhancing power system security control[J].IEEE Computer Applications in Power,1997,10(3):38-41.
• [11] Wehenkel L.Machine-learning approaches to power-system security assessment[J].IEEE Expert,1997,12(5):60-72.
• [12] Boyen X,Wehenkel L.Automatic induction of fuzzy decision trees and its application to power system security assessment[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1999,102(1):3-19.
• [13] Genc I,Diao S,Vittal V,et al.Decision tree-based preventive and corrective control applications for dynamic security enhancement in power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(3):1611-1619.
• [14] Senroy N,Heydt T,Vittal V.Decision tree assisted controlled islanding[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(4):1790-1797.
• [15]薛禹胜，赖业宁．大能源思维与大数据思维的融合(二)应用及探索[J]．电力系统自动化，2016,40(8):1-13.Xue Yusheng,Lai Yening.Integration of macro energy thinking and big data thinking part two applications and explorations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(8):1-13(in Chinese).
• [16]鞠平，周孝信，陈维江，等．“智能电网+”研究综述[J]．电力自动化设备，2018,38(5):2-11.Ju Ping,Zhou Xiaoxin,Chen Weijiang,et al．“Smart Grid Plus”research overview[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(5):2-11(in Chinese).
• [17]尚宇炜，郭剑波，吴文传，等．电力脑初探：一种多模态自适应学习系统[J]．中国电机工程学报，2018,38(11):3133-3143.Shang Yuwei,Guo Jianbo,Wu Wenchuan,et al.Preliminary study of electric power brain:a multimodal adaptive learning system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(11):3133-3143(in Chinese).
• [18] Zhu Lipeng,Lu Chao,Dong Zhaoyang,et al.Imbalance learning machine based power system short-term voltage stability assessment[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2017,13(5):2533-2543.
• [19]程乐峰，余涛，张孝顺，等．机器学习在能源与电力系统领域的应用和展望[J]．电力系统自动化，2019,43(1):15-31.Cheng Lefeng,Yu Tao,Zhang Xiaoshun,et al.Machine learning for energy and electric power systems:state of the art and prospects[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(1):15-31(in Chinese).
• [20]张伯明．现代能量控制中心概念的扩展与前景展望[J]．电力系统自动化，2003,27(15):1-6.Zhang Boming.Concept extension and prospects for modern energy control centers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2003,27(15):1-6(in Chinese).
• [21]孙宏斌，谢开，蒋维勇，等．智能机器调度员的原理和原型系统[J]．电力系统自动化，2007,31(16):1-6.Sun Hongbin,Xie Kai,Jiang Weiyong,et al.Automatic operator for power systems:principle and prototype[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(16):1-6(in Chinese).
• [22]赵峰，孙宏斌，张伯明．基于电气分区的输电断面及其自动发现[J]．电力系统自动化，2011,35(5):42-46.Zhao Feng,Sun Hongbin,Zhang Boming.Zone division based automatic discovery of flowgate[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(5):42-46(in Chinese).
• [23] Huang Tianen,Guo Qinglai,Sun Hongbin,et al.Crucial power flow interface discrimination based on distributed improved-SVM classification in a big data set[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA,USA,2016.
• [24]孙宏斌，赵峰，蒋维勇，等．电网精细规则在线自动发现系统架构与功能设计[J]．电力系统自动化，2011,35(18):81-86.Sun Hongbin,Zhao Feng,Jiang Weiyong,et al.Framework and functions of fine operational rules online automatic discovery system for power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(18):81-86(in Chinese).
• [25]王皓，孙宏斌，张伯明，等．基于混合互信息的特征选择方法及其在静态电压稳定评估中的应用[J]．中国电机工程学报，2006,26(7):1-5.Wang Hao,Sun Hongbin,Zhang Boming,et al.Hybrid mutual information based feature selection method as applied to static voltage stability assessment in power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(7):1-5(in Chinese).
• [26]黄天恩，孙宏斌，郭庆来，等．基于电网运行大数据的在线分布式安全特征选择[J]．电力系统自动化，2016,40(4):32-40.Huang Tianen,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai,et al.Distributed security feature selection online based on big data in power system operation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):32-40(in Chinese).
• [27]蒋维勇，孙宏斌，张伯明，等．电力系统精细规则的研究[J]．中国电机工程学报，2009,29(4):1-7.Jiang Weiyong,Sun Hongbin,Zhang Boming,et al.Fine operational rule of power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(4):1-7(in Chinese).
• [28]孙宏斌，王康，张伯明，等．采用线性决策树的暂态稳定规则提取[J]．中国电机工程学报，2011,31(34):61-67.Sun Hongbin,Wang Kang,Zhang Boming,et al.Rule extraction in transient stability study using linear decision trees[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):61-67(in Chinese).
• [29] Huang Tianen,Guo Qinglai,Sun Hongbin,et al.A deep learning approach for power system knowledge discovery based on multitask learning[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2019,13(5):733-740.
• [30] Huang Tianen, Guo Qinglai, Sun Hongbin, et al. A deep spatial-temporal data-driven approach considering microclimates for power system security assessment[J].Applied Energy,2019(237):36-48.
• [31]孙宏斌，黄天恩，郭庆来，等．基于仿真大数据的电网智能型超前安全预警技术[J]．南方电网技术，2016,10(3):42-46.Sun Hongbin,Huang Tianen,Guo Qinglai,et al.Power grid intelligent security early warning technology based on big simulation data[J].Southern Power System Technology,2016,10(3):42-46(in Chinese).
• [32]黄天恩，孙宏斌，郭庆来，等．基于电网运行仿真大数据的知识管理和超前安全预警[J]．电网技术，2015,39(11):3080-3087.Huang Tianen,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai,et al.Knowledge management and security early warning based on big simulation data in power grid operation[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3080-3087(in Chinese).
• [33]赵峰，黄天恩，孙宏斌．电网安全运行知识的表达与演变[J]．中国电机工程学报，2015,35(20):5117-5123.Zhao Feng,Huang Tianen,Sun Hongbin.Expression and evolvement of power system security operating knowledge[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5117-5123(in Chinese).
• [34]赵峰，孙宏斌，黄天恩，等．电网关键断面及安全运行规则自动发现系统设计与工程实现[J]．电力系统自动化，2015,39(1):117-123.Zhao Feng, Sun Hongbin, Huang Tianen, et al. Design and engineering application of automatic discovery system for critical flowgates and security operation rules in power grids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):117-123(in Chinese).
• [35] Sun Hongbin,Zhao Feng,Wang Hao,et al.Automatic learning of fine operating rules for online power system security control[J].IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems,2016,27(8):1708-1719.
• [36] Huang Tianen,Guo Qinglai,Sun Hongbin.A distributed computing platform supporting power system security knowledge discovery based on online simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(3):1513-1524.
• [37]黄天恩，郭庆来，孙宏斌，等．模型–数据混合驱动的电网安全特征选择和知识发现：关键技术与工程应用[J]．电力系统自动化，2019,43(1):95-101.Huang Tianen,Guo Qinglai,Sun Hongbin,et al.Hybrid model and data driven concepts for power system security feature selection and knowledge discovery:key technologies and engineering application[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(1):95-101(in Chinese).