智能合约技术下电动汽车入网竞价机制研究Research on Electric Vehicles Participating in Bidding Mechanism of Power Grid Based on Smart Contract Technology
刘维扬;王冰;王敏;陈桂儒;
摘要(Abstract):
为促进售电侧开放背景下电动汽车与电网的协调发展,提出一种区块链智能合约技术下的电动汽车入网竞价机制。通过整合区块链链上链下信息资源,基于不同电动汽车子群的运行特性,充分考虑不同子类用户与代理商之间多样的充放电需求与约束关系、代理商与电力调度中心在经济调度下购售电交易以及机组组合计划,分别以电动汽车用户购电成本最小与代理商收益最大、电力经济调度成本最小为目标,两两之间建立利益最优的智能合约模型,并结合粒子群和遗传算法的内外寻优关系求解智能合约模型,优化制定电动汽车充放电电价,实现电动汽车充放电资源的合理分配。算例分析表明,该竞价机制在实现电网负荷削峰填谷的同时,有效保障了用户、代理商和电力调度中心的利益,可为智能合约技术在电动汽车入网竞价的应用提供参考。
关键词(KeyWords): 电动汽车;区块链;智能合约;集群分类;竞价机制;机组组合
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(51777058)~~
作者(Author): 刘维扬;王冰;王敏;陈桂儒;
Email:
DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.0922
参考文献(References):
- [1]李敏,苏小林,阎晓霞,等.电动汽车共享式家用充电设施的优化运行研究[J].中国电力,2015,48(6):94-101.Li Min,Su Xiaolin,Yan Xiaoxia,et al.The optimal strategy of level2 sharing residential EVSE for electric vehicles[J].Electric Power,2015,48(6):94-101(in Chinese).
- [2]王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽,等.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.Wang Xifan,Shao Chengcheng,Wang Xiuli,et al.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10(in Chinese).
- [3]吉斌,谭建成.利用区块链技术的配电侧分布式微电能交易初探[J].现代电力,2019,36(1):29-36.Ji Bin, Tan Jiancheng. Preliminary research of distributed micro-energy trading on power distribution side using blockchain technique[J].Modern Electric Power,2019,36(1):29-36(in Chinese).
- [4] Kim M,Song S,Jun M S.A study of block chain-based peer-to-peer energy loan service in smart grid environments[J].Advanced Science Letters,2016,22(9):2543-2546.
- [5]杨德昌,赵肖余,徐梓潇,等.区块链在能源互联网中应用现状分析和前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3664-3671.Yang Dechang,Zhao Xiaoyu,Xu Zixiao,et al.Developing status and prospect analysis of blockchain in energy Internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3664-3671(in Chinese).
- [6]张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4023.Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chongqing,et al.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4023(in Chinese).
- [7]欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.Ouyang Xu,Zhu Xiangqian,Ye Lun,et al.Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745(in Chinese).
- [8]杨晓东,张有兵,卢俊杰,等.基于区块链技术的能源局域网储能系统自动需求响应[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3703-3716.Yang Xiaodong,Zhang Youbing,Lu Junjie,et al.Blockchain-based automated demand response method for energy storage system in an energy local network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3703-3716(in Chinese).
- [9]平健,陈思捷,张宁,等.基于智能合约的配电网去中心化交易机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3682-3690.Ping Jian,Chen Sijie,Zhang Ning,et al.Decentralized transactive mechanism in distribution network based on smart contract[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3682-3690(in Chinese).
- [10]宫鑫,林涛,苏秉华.电动汽车代理在电力市场的最优竞标策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2596-2602.Gong Xin,Lin Tao,Su Binghua.Optimal bidding strategy of a electric vehicle aggregator in electricity market[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2596-2602(in Chinese).
- [11] Gonzalez Vaya M,Andersson G.Optimal bidding strategy of a plug-in electric vehicle aggregator in day-ahead electricity markets under uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2375-2385.
- [12]潘樟惠,高赐威,刘顺桂.基于需求侧放电竞价的电动汽车充放电调度研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1140-1146.Pan Zhanghui,Gao Ciwei,Liu Shungui.Research on charging and discharging dispatch of electric vehicles based on demand side discharge bidding[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1140-1146(in Chinese).
- [13]潘樟惠,高赐威.基于需求响应的电动汽车经济调度[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):139-145.Pan Zhanghui,Gao Ciwei.Economic dispatch of electric vehicles based on demand response[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):139-145(in Chinese).
- [14]平健,陈思捷,严正.适用于电力系统凸优化场景的能源区块链底层技术[J/OL].中国电机工程学报,(2019-04-22),https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182031.Ping Jian, Chen Sijie, Yan Zheng. A novel energy blockchain technology for convex optimization scenarios in power system[J/OL].Proceedings of the CSEE,(2019-04-22),https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182031.
- [15] Giungato P,Rana R,Tarabella A,et al.Current trends in sustainability of bitcoins and related blockchain technology[J].Sustainability,2017,9(12):2214-2225.
- [16]吴红斌,侯小凡,赵波,等.计及可入网电动汽车的微网系统经济调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(9):77-84,99.Wu Hongbin,Hou Xiaofan,Zhao Bo,et al.Economical dispatch of microgrid considering plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(9):77-84,99(in Chinese).
- [17] U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 2017 National household travel survey[DB/OL].(2018-03-02).http://nhts.ornl.gov.
- [18] Carrion M,Arroyo J M.A computationally efficient mixed-integer linear formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(3):1371-1378.