张帝;姜久春;张维戈;张言茹;黄彧;

• 1:北京交通大学电气工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

在现有的电池技术和充电条件下,快换式充电站成为国内纯电动公交最主要的能量补给摸式。针对电池组充电电费过高和增加配电网峰谷差的问题,以及换电站内快换工位和备用电池空闲的情况,在保证车辆正常运营的前提下,以充电站内全天充电电费最低为目标,建立了充电变功率工况下基于分时电价的换电站经济运行模型,通过遗传智能优化算法合理安排电池组的开始充电时间,降低充电电费,从而实现换电站的经济运行。分别基于北京北土城充电站和上海世博会充电站的实际数据和统计结果进行算例仿真,验证了算法的有效性。结果表明,该算法不仅能降低充电站充电电费,还能降低充电站白天对配电网的负荷压力,补充夜间负荷,减小配电网的峰谷差,在实现充电站经济运行的同时还有助于配电网的经济运行。

关键词(KeyWords)： 电动汽车;换电站;遗传算法;经济运行;充电功率

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家863高技术基金项目(2011AA05A108);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2013YJS084)~~

作者(Author): 张帝;姜久春;张维戈;张言茹;黄彧;

Email:

DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2013.08.011

参考文献(References)：

• [1]刘振亚.智能电网技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:304-310.
• [2]周逢权,连湛伟,王晓雷,等.电动汽车充电站运营模式探析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(21):63-66.Zhou Fengquan,Lian Zhanwei,Wang Xiaolei,et al.Discussion onoperation mode to the electric vehicle charging station[J].PowerSystem Protection and Control,2010,38(21):63-66(in Chinese).
• [3]张维戈,张帝,温家鹏,等.电动公交更换式充电站的优化设计[J].北京交通大学学报,2012,36(2):100-104.Zhang Weige,Zhang Di,Wen Jiangpeng,et al.Optimized design ofelectric bus battery swap station[J].Journal of Beijing JiaotongUniversity,2012,36(2):100-104(in Chinese).
• [4]薛飞,雷宪章,张野飚,等.电动汽车与智能电网从V2G到B2G的全新结合模式[J].电网技术,2012,36(2):29-34.Xue Fei,Lei Xianzhang,Zhang Yebiao,et al.A brand-new approachof connecting electrical vehicles with smart grid from vehicle-to-gridmode to battery-to-grid mode[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(2):29-34(in Chinese).
• [5]张昌华,孟劲松,曹永兴,等.换电模式下电动汽车换电充裕度模型及仿真研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):15-19.Zhang Changhua,Meng Jinsong,Cao Yongxing,et al.Batteryswapping requirement adequacy model for electric vehicles and itssimulation research[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(9):15-19(in Chinese).
• [6]Owen Worley,Diego Klabjan.Optimization of Battery Charging andPurchasing at Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Stations[C]//Vehicle Powerand Propulsion Conference(VPPC).Chicago:IEEE,2011:1-4.
• [7]Thoralf Winkler,Przemyslaw Komarnicki,Gerhard Mueller.ElectricVehicle Charging Stations in Magdeburg[C]//Vehicle Power andPropulsion Conference(VPPC).Dearborn:IEEE,2009:60-65.
• [8]高赐威,张亮.电动汽车充电对电网影响的综述[J].电网技术,2011,35(2):127-131.Gao Ciwei,Zhang Liang.A survey of influence of electrics vehiclecharging on power grid[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(2):127-131(in Chinese).
• [9]胡泽春,宋永华,徐智威,等.电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):1-11.Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,Xu Zhiwei,et al.Impacts and utilizationof electric vehicles integration into power systems[J].Proceedings ofthe CSEE,2012,32(4):1-11(in Chinese).
• [10]田立婷,张明霞,汪奂伶.电动汽车对电网影响的评估和解决方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):43-50.Tian Liting,Zhang Mingxia,Wang Huanling.Evaluation andsolutions for electric vehicles’impact on the grid[J].Proceedings ofthe CSEE,2012,32(31):43-50(in Chinese).
• [11]李秋硕,肖湘宁,郭静,等.电动汽车有序充电方法研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):32-38.Li Qiushuo,Xiao Xiangning,Guo Jing,et al.Research on schemefor ordered charging of electric vehicles[J].Power SystemTechnology,2012,36(12):32-38(in Chinese).
• [12]田文奇,和敬涵,姜久春,等.基于自适应变异粒子群算法的电动汽车换电池充电调度多目标优化[J].电网技术,2012,36(11):25-29.Tian Wenqi,He Jinghan,Jiang Jiuchun,et al.Multi-objectiveoptimization of charging dispatching for electric vehicle batteryswapping station based on adaptive mutation particle swarmoptimization[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(11):25-29(inChinese).
• [13]占恺峤,宋永华,胡泽春,等.以降损为目标的电动汽车有序充电优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):11-18.Zhan Kaiqiao,Song Yonghua,Hu Zechun,et al.Coordination ofelectric vehicle charging to minimize active power losses[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):11-18(in Chinese).
• [14]Deilami S,Masoum A S,Moses P S.Real-time coordination ofplug-in electric vehicle charging in smart girds to minimize powerlosses and improve voltage profile[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2011,2(3):456-467.
• [15]孙波,廖强强,谢品杰,等.车电互联削峰填谷的经济成本效益分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(10):30-34.Sun Bo,Liao Qiangqiang,Xie Pinjie,et al.A cost-benefit analysismodel of vehicle-to-grid for peak shaving[J].Power SystemTechnology,2012,36(10):30-34(in Chinese).
• [16]玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:7-9.
• [17]王震坡,孙逢春,林程.电动公交客车充电站容量需求预测与仿真[J].北京理工大学学报,2006,26(12):1061-1064.Wang Zhenpo,Sun Fengchun,Lin Cheng.Forecasting and simulationof the distribution capacity of E-bus charge station[J].Tractions ofBeijing Institute of Technology,2006,26(12):1061-1064(in Chinese).
• [18]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.Tian Liting,Shi Shuanglong,Jia Zhuo.A statistical model forcharging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power SystemTechnology,2010,34(11):126-130(in Chinese).
• [19]燕乐纬.广义遗传算法研究及其工程应用[D].广州:中山大学,2010.
• [20]史峰,王辉,郁磊,等.MATLAB智能算法30个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:17-37.