边际电价结算和发电方报价价格结算竞价机制的经济分析AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION MECHANISMS FOR SYSTEM-MARGIN-PRICING AND PAY-AS-BID
王雁凌,张粒子,杨以涵
摘要(Abstract):
在电力交易的现货和实时市场中,世界上大多数国家及我国6个电力市场试点省市均采用按照系统的边际电价(SMP)结算的竞价机制。SMP竞价机制的不完善性导致了诸如发电方投机报价和电价上升等问题。为此,美国加州和英国采用了按照发电方报价价格(PAB)结算的竞价机制。文章根据卖方市场的不同结构进行分类,买方市场依据不同的分类标准分为:需求旺和需求弱市场:需求不确定性强和需求不确定性弱市场。接着分别从市场交易量、市场效率、消费者剩余、社会福利和市场支配力几个方面对两种竞价机制进行分析比较,提出了应根据市场特点及改革的不同阶段,选择适合的竞价机制;并指出综合SMP和PAB的竞价机制具有光明的前景。
关键词(KeyWords): 电力市场;现货交易;竞价机制;边际电价;发电方报价价格
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 王雁凌,张粒子,杨以涵
Email:
DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2004.11.003
参考文献(References):
- [1] AES and British Energy. Areport on the references made under section 12 of the Electricity Act 1989[EB/OL]. http://www. competition-commission. org. uk.
- [2] California ISO. Report on real time supply costs above single price auction threshold: December 8, 2000-January 31, 2001[EB/OL]. http://www. calso. com.
- [3] Paul L J. California's electricity market meltdown[EB/OL]. htt://econ-www.mit.edu.
- [4] D.S.沃森,M.A.霍夫曼.价格理论及其应用[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1983.
- [5] 王则柯,梁美灵.价格与市场[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1994
- [6] 樊纲.市场机制与经济效率[M].上海:三联书店,1992
- [7] 姜起华,王志勉.现代市场经济学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.
- [8] 段刚,王心丰,白玮,等.抑制电价飞升的系统边际价格与报价价格混合拍卖机制[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(9) :30-35. Duan Gang, Wang Xinfeng, Bai wei et al. Suppress price spikes by hybridizing system-marginal-price auction and pay-as bid auction[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2002, 26(9) : 30-35.
- [9] Giulio F, David R. Bidding in an electricity pay-as-bid auction[EB/OL]. http://www. nuff ox. ac. uk.