结合放电影像观测的土壤冲击散流性能评估方法Evaluation Method of Impulse Discharge Performance of Ground Electrode Based on Soil Discharge Image
班革革;袁涛;司马文霞;杨鸣;姚欣愚;李小川;
摘要(Abstract):
已有研究表明雷电冲击电流作用下,接地装置冲击散流性能受接地极近区土壤的影响显著,主要表现为土壤出现显著的火花放电现象,而目前对不同类型土壤的冲击散流性能评估还缺乏有效的方法。实际工程中主要是采用经验公式将土壤火花放电效应折算到接地装置的冲击系数中,但该系数是冲击电流作用下接地导体自身电感效应和近区土壤火花放电效应的综合反映结果,并不能准确反映土壤的冲击散流性能。因此,针对该问题采用X射线透视成像技术,开展了接地导体近区土壤冲击散流性能评估方法研究,提出了结合土壤试品冲击放电区域与冲击电流幅值的量化评估指标,即单位电流下土壤放电体积等效值V_I,并对该方法的合理性与有效性进行了验证,分析了不同性质土壤试品中接地装置散流能力的变化规律。结果表明,结合土壤冲击放电影像观测的V_I能够直观地分析土壤试品参数变化对接地装置冲击散流能力的影响规律,并为增强近区土壤冲击散流能力,降低接地装置冲击接地阻抗提供了新的思路。
关键词(KeyWords): 高土壤电阻率;土壤放电;X射线成像;高分子吸水树脂;土壤散流能力
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(51777020);; 国家电网公司科技项目(SGSDDZ00FCJS1700216)~~
作者(Author): 班革革;袁涛;司马文霞;杨鸣;姚欣愚;李小川;
Email:
DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1375
参考文献(References):
- [1]何金良,曾嵘.电力系统接地技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:130-137.
- [2]袁涛,李彤鑫,司马文霞,等.冲击电流作用下土壤放电影像特征的分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(17):5266-5274.Yuan Tao,Li Tongxin,Sima Wenxia,et al.Analysis of soil discharge image characteristics under impulse currents[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(17):5266-5274(in Chinese).
- [3]陈名铭,曹晓斌,杨琳,等.同轴圆柱形电极下土壤冲击特性的试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2291-2296.Chen Mingming,Cao Xiaobin,Yang Lin,et al.Experimental study on soil impulse characteristics surrounding Coaxial cylindrical electrode[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2291-2296(in Chinese).
- [4]高延庆.土壤冲击击穿机理及接地系统暂态特性研究[D].北京:清华大学,2003.
- [5] Wang J P,Liew A C,Darveniza M.Extension of dynamic model of impulse behavior of concentrated grounds at high currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(3):2160-2166.
- [6] Rakov V A,Uman M A,Rambo K J.A review of ten years of triggered-lightning experiments at camp blanding, florida[J].Atmospheric Research,2005(76):503-517.
- [7]刘三伟.土壤冲击放电的X射线数字影像特征及接地装置暂态性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.
- [8]冯志强.接地装置冲击特性及土壤火花放电形貌特征研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.
- [9]朱彬,司马文霞,袁涛,等.基于地中电场分布的针刺式接地装置结构参数优化[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2907-2914.Zhu Bin,Sima Wenxia,Yuan Tao,et al.Structure parameter optimization of grounding device with needle-shaped conductors based electric field distribution in soil[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2907-2914(in Chinese).
- [10]李景丽,蒋建东,李丽丽.针刺式接地装置降阻机制的仿真和试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(1):211-217.Li Jingli,Jiang Jiandong,Li Lili.Simulation and experiment study on resistance-reducing mechanism of grounding device with spicules[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(1):211-217(in Chinese).
- [11] He J,Zhang B.Progress in lightning impulse characteristics of grounding electrodes with soil ionization[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(6):4924-4933.
- [12]杨琳,吴广宁,田晓菲.基于EMTP的水平接地体冲击时-频特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(6):194-198.Yang lin, Wu Guangning, Tian Xiaofei. Analysis of impulse characteristic grounding electrode in frequency and time domain based on EMTP[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(6):194-198(in Chinese).
- [13] JoséCidrás,Antonio F.Otero,Carlos Garrido.Nodal frequency analysis of grounding systems considering the soil ionization effect[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(1):103-107.
- [14]鲁海亮,冯志强,文习山,等.考虑土壤火花放电的接地装置暂态特性全时域电网络模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):7058-7065+7098.Lu Hailiang,Feng Zhiqiang,Wen Xishan,et al.Full-time electrical network model of the transient characteristics of the grounding devices considering soil sparkover[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):7058-7065+7098(in Chinese).
- [15] Neknoul B,Labie P,Zgainski F X,et al.Calculating the impedancc of the grounding system[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1996,32(3):1509-1512.
- [16] Snowden D P,Erler J W.Initiation of electrical breakdown of soil by water vaporization[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1983,30(6):4568-4571.
- [17] Bellaschi P L,Armington R E.Impulse and 60-cycle characteristics of driven grounds-iii effect of lead in ground installation[J].Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,1943,62(6):334-345.
- [18] Liew A C,Darveniza M.Dynamic model of impulse characteristics of concentrated earths[J]. Electrical Engineers Proceedings of the Institution,1974,121(2):123-135.
- [19] Radakovic Z R,Kostic M B.Behaviour of grounding loop with bentonite during a ground fault at an overhead line tower[J].IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2001,148(4):275-279.
- [20] Bellaschi P L. Impulse and 60-cycle characteristics of driven grounds[J]. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,1941,60(3):123-128.
- [21]朱时阳,袁涛,朱彬.分层土壤中接地装置冲击散流特性的有限元分析模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2304-2309.Zhu Shiyang,Yuan Tao,Zhu Bin.Finite element model of impulse dispersing characteristics of grounding equipment in layered soil[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2304-2309(in Chinese).
- [22]郭在华,邢天放,吴广宁,等.冰冻土壤中垂直接地极的接地电阻变化规律[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):698-706.Guo Zaihua,Xing Tianfang,Wu Guangning,et al.Grounding resistance change rule of vertical grounding electrode in frozen soil[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(3):698-706(in Chinese).
- [23]王晶晶,何金良,邹军.季节性冻土对变电站接地系统分流系数的影响[J].电网技术,2006,30(2):41-45.Wang Jingjing,He Jinliang,Zou Jun.Influence of seasonal frozen soil layer on current division factor of substation grounding system[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(2):41-45(in Chinese).
- [24]陈先禄,黄勇,张金玉,等.输电线路杆塔接地装置的冲击接地电阻计算公式[J].电网技术,1996,20(6):9-12.Chen Xianlu,Huang Yong,Zhang Jinyu,et al.Calculation formula of impulse grounding resistance for grounding device of powertransmission tower[J].Power System Technology,1996,20(6):9-12(in Chinese).
- [25]李彤鑫.高分子吸水树脂材料接地降阻性能的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2018.
- [26]肖忆梅.新型医学成像设备标准体系建设的初步研究[J].中国医疗器械信息,2015,21(8):41-44.Xiao Yimei.Preliminary study of standard system construction of new medical imaging devices[J].China Medical Device Information,2015,21(8):41-44(in Chinese).
- [27] Yamane H,Ideguchi T,Tokuda M.Stability against temperature and environment for goundaresistance reducing material using wateraabsorbent polymer[J].Electronics&Communications in Japan,1994,77(12):100-110.
- [28] Yamane H,Ideguchi T,Tokuda M,et al.A new ground resistancereducing material based on water-absorbent polymer[J].Electronics&Communications in Japan,2010,77(5):68-78.
- [29] Khan Y,Malik N H,Al-Arainy A A,et al.Efficient use of low resistivity material for grounding resistance reduction in high soil resistivity areas[C]//Tencon IEEE Region 10 Conference.Fukuok,Japan:IEEE,2011.